03
北山经
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北山經之首
北山經之首，曰單狐之山，多机木，其上多華草。漨水出焉，而西流注于泑水，其中多茈石文石。
又北二百五十里，曰求如之山，其上多銅，其下多玉，無草木。滑水出焉，而西流注于諸毗之水。其中多滑魚。其狀如鱓，赤背，其音如梧，食之已疣。其中多水馬，其狀如馬，文臂牛尾，其音如呼。
又北三百里，曰帶山，其上多玉，其下多青碧。有獸焉，其狀如馬，一角有錯，其名曰䑏疏，可以辟火。有鳥焉，其狀如烏，五采而赤文，名曰鵸䳜，是自爲牝牡，食之不疽。彭水出焉，而西流注于芘湖之水，其中多儵魚，其狀如鶏而赤毛，三尾六足四首，其音如鵲，食之可以已憂。
又北四百里，曰譙明之山。譙水出焉，西流注于河。其中多何羅之魚，一首而十身，其音如吠犬，食之已癰。有獸焉，其狀如貆而赤豪，其音如榴榴，名曰孟槐，可以禦凶。是山也，無草木，多青雄黃。
又北三百五十里，曰涿光之山。嚻水出焉，而西流注于河。其中多鰼鰼之魚，其狀如鵲而十翼，鱗皆在羽端，其音如鵲，可以禦火，食之不癉。其上多松柏，其下多椶枏，其獸多麢羊，其鳥多蕃。
又北三百八十里，曰虢山，其上多漆，其下多桐椐。其陽多玉，其陰多鐵。伊水出焉，西流注于河。其獸多橐駝，其鳥多寓，狀如鼠而鳥翼，其音如羊，可以禦兵。
又北四百里，至于虢山之尾，其上多玉而無石。魚水出焉，西流注于河，其中多文貝。
又北二百里，曰丹熏之山，其上多樗柏，其草多韭䪥，多丹雘。熏水出焉，而西流注于棠水。有獸焉，其狀如鼠，而菟首麋身，其音如獆犬，以其尾飛，名曰耳鼠，食之不䐆，又可以禦百毒。
又北二百八十里，曰石者之山，其上無草木，多瑤碧。泚水出焉，西流注于河。有獸焉，其狀如豹，而文題白身，名曰孟極，是善伏，其鳴自呼。
又北百一十里，曰邊春之山，多蔥、葵、韭、桃、李。杠水出焉，而西流注于泑澤。有獸焉，其狀如禺而文身，善笑，見人則臥，名曰幽鴳，其鳴自呼。
又北二百里，曰蔓聯之山，其上無草木，有獸焉，其狀如禺而有鬛，牛尾、文臂、馬蹏，見人則呼，名曰足訾，其鳴自呼。有鳥焉，群居而朋飛，其毛如雌雉，名曰鵁，其鳴自呼，食之已風。
又北百八十里，曰單張之山，其上無草木。有獸焉，其狀如豹而長尾，人首而牛耳，一目，名曰諸犍，善吒，行則銜其尾。居則蟠其尾。有鳥焉，其狀如雉，而文首、白翼、黃足，名曰白鵺，食之已嗌痛，可以已痸。櫟水出焉，在而南流注于杠水。
又北三百二十里，曰灌題之山，其上多樗柘，其下多流沙，多砥。有獸焉，其狀如牛而白尾，其音如訆，名曰那父。有鳥焉，其狀如雌雉而人面，見人則躍，名曰竦斯，其鳴自呼也。匠韓之水出焉，而西流注于泑澤，其中多磁石。
又北二百里，曰潘侯之山，其上多松柏，其下多榛楛，其陽多玉，其陰多鐵。有獸焉，其狀如牛，而四節生毛，或曰旄牛。邊水出焉，而南流注于櫟澤。
又北二百三十里，曰小咸之山，無草木，冬夏有雪。
北二百八十里，曰大咸之山，無草木，其下多玉。是山也，四方，不可以上。有蛇名曰長蛇，其毛如彘豪，其音如鼓柝。
又北三百二十里，曰敦薨之山，其上多椶枏，其下多茈草。敦薨之水出焉，而西流注于泑澤。出于昆侖之東北隅，實惟河原。其中多赤鮭，其獸多兕，旄牛，其鳥多鳲鳩。
又北二百里，曰少咸之山，無草木，多青碧。有獸焉，其狀如牛，而赤身、人面、馬足，名曰窫窳，其音如嬰兒，是食人。敦水出焉，東流注于鴈門之水，其中多䰽䰽之魚。食之殺人。
又北二百里，曰嶽法之山。瀤澤之水出焉，而東北流注于泰澤。其中多抄魚，其狀如鯉而雞足，食之已疣。有獸焉，其狀如犬而人面，善投，見人則笑，其名山𤟤，其行如風，見則天下大風。
又北二百里，曰北嶽之山，多枳棘剛木。有獸焉，其狀如牛，而四角、人目、彘耳，其名曰諸懷，其音如鳴鴈，是食人。諸懷之水出焉，而西流注于嚻水，其中多鮨魚，魚身而犬首，其音如嬰兒，食之已狂。
又北百八十里，曰渾夕之山，無草木，多銅玉。嚻水出焉，而西北流注于海。有蛇一首兩身，名曰肥遺，見則其國大旱。
又北五十里，曰北單之山，無草木，多蔥韭。
又北百里，曰羆差之山，無草木，多馬。
又北百八十里，曰北鮮之山，是多馬。鮮水出焉，而西北流注于涂吾之水。
又北百七十里，曰隄山，多馬。有獸焉，其狀如豹而文首，名曰狕。隄水出焉，而東流注于泰澤，其中多龍龜。
凡北山經之首，自單狐之山至于隄山，凡二十五山，五千四百九十里，其神皆人面蛇身。其祠之，毛用一雄雞彘瘞，吉玉用一珪，瘞而為不糈。其山北人，皆生食不火之物。
北次二經
《北次二經》之首，在河之東，其首枕汾，其名曰管涔之山。其上無木而多草，其下多玉。汾水出焉，而西流注于河。
又西二百五十里，曰少陽之山，其上多玉，其下多赤銀。酸水出焉，而東流注于汾水，其中多美赭。
又北五十里，曰縣雍之山，其上多玉，其下多銅，其獸多閭麋，其鳥多白翟白䳑。晋水出焉，而東南流注于汾水。其中多鮆魚，其狀如儵而赤麟，其音如叱，食之不騷。
又北二百里，曰狐岐之山，無草木，多青碧。勝水出焉，而東北流注于汾水，其中多蒼玉。
又北三百五十里，曰白沙山，廣員三百里，盡沙也，無草木鳥獸。鮪水出于其上，潜于其下，是多白玉。
又北四百里，曰爾是之山，無草木，無水。
又北三百八十里，曰狂山，無草木，是山也，冬夏有雪。狂水出焉，而西流注于浮水，其中多美玉。
又北三百八十里，曰諸餘之山，其上多銅玉，其下多松柏。諸餘之水出焉，而東流注于旄水。
又北三百五十里，曰敦頭之山，其上多金玉，無草木。旄水出焉，而東流注于印澤。其中多𩣡馬，牛尾而白身，一角，其音如呼。
又北三百五十里，曰鈎吾之山，其上多玉，其下多銅。有獸焉，其狀如羊身人面，其目在腋下，虎齒人爪，其音如嬰兒，名曰狍鴞，是食人。
又北三百里，曰北嚻之山，無石，其陽多碧，其陰多玉。有獸焉，其狀如虎，而白身犬首，馬尾彘鬛，名曰獨𤞞。有鳥焉，其狀如烏，人面，名曰𪄀𪃑，宵飛而晝伏，食之已暍。涔水出焉，而東流注于邛澤。
又北三百五十里，曰梁渠之山，無草木，多金玉。脩水出焉，而東流注于鴈門，其獸多居暨，其狀如彙而赤毛，其音如豚。有鳥焉，其狀如夸父，四翼、一目、犬尾，名曰嚻，其音如鵲，食之已腹痛，可以止衕。
又北四百里，曰姑灌之山，無草木。是山也，冬夏有雪。
又北三百八十里，曰湖灌之山，其陽多玉，其陰多碧，多馬。湖灌之水出焉，而東流注于海，其中多䱇。有木焉，其葉如柳而赤理。
又北水行五百里，流沙三百里，至于洹山，其上多金玉。三桑生之，其樹皆無枝，其高百仞。百果樹生之。其下多怪蛇。
又北三百里，曰敦題之山，無草木，多金玉。是錞于北海。
凡《北次二經》之首，自管涔之山至于敦題之山，凡十七山，五千六百九十里。其神皆蛇身人面。其祠：毛用一雄雞彘瘞；用一璧一珪，投而不糈。
北次三經
《北次三經》之首，曰太行之山。其首曰歸山，其上有金玉，其下有碧。有獸焉，其狀如麢羊而四角，馬尾而有距，其名曰䮝，善還，其名自訆。有鳥焉，其狀如鵲，白身、赤尾、六足，其名曰䴅，是善驚，其鳴自詨。
又東北二百里，曰龍侯之山，無草木，多金玉。决决之水出焉，而東流注于河。其中多人魚，其狀如䱱魚，四足，其音如嬰兒，食之無癡疾。
又東北二百里，曰馬成之山，其上多文石，其陰多金玉。有獸焉，其狀如白犬而黑頭，見人則飛，其名曰天馬，其鳴自訆，有鳥焉，其狀如烏，首白而身青、足黃，是名曰鶌鶋。其名自詨，食之不饑，可以已寓。
又東北七十里，曰咸山，其上有玉，其下多銅，是多松柏，草多茈草。條菅之水出焉，而西南流注于長澤。其中多器酸，三歲一成，食之已癘。
又東北二百里，曰天池之山，其上無草木，多文石。有獸焉，其狀如兔而鼠首，以其背飛，其名曰飛鼠。澠水出焉，潜于其下，其中多黃堊。
又東三百里，曰陽山，其上多玉，其下多金銅。有獸焉，其狀如牛而尾，其頸𦜜，其狀如句瞿，其名曰領胡，其鳴自詨，食之已狂。有鳥焉，其狀如雌雉，而五采以文，是自爲牝牡，名曰象蛇，其鳴自詨。留水出焉，而南流注于河。其中有䱤父之魚，其狀如鮒魚，魚首而彘身，食之已嘔。
又東三百五十里，曰賁聞之山，其上多蒼玉，其下多黃堊，多涅石。
又北百里，曰王屋之山，是多石。㶌水出焉，而西北流注于泰澤。
又東北三百里，曰教山，其上多玉而無石。教水出焉，西流注于河，是水冬乾而夏流，實惟乾河。其中有兩山。是山也，廣員三百步，其名曰發丸之山，其上有金玉。
又南三百里，曰景山，南望鹽販之澤，北望少澤。其上多草、藷藇，其草多秦椒，其陰多赭，其陽多玉。有鳥焉，其狀如蛇，而四翼、六目、三足，名曰酸與，其鳴自詨，見則其邑有恐。
又東南三百二十里，曰孟門之山，其上多蒼玉，多金，其下多黃堊，多涅石。
又東南三百二十里，曰平山。平水出于其上，潜于其下，是多美玉。
又東二百里，曰京山，有美玉，多漆木，多竹，其陽有赤銅，其陰有玄䃤。高水出焉，南流注于河。
又東二百里，曰虫尾之山，其上多金玉，其下多竹，多青碧。丹水出焉，南流注于河。薄水出焉，而東南流注于黃澤。
又東三百里，曰彭毗之山，其上無草木，多金玉，其下多水。蚤林之水出焉，東南流注于河。肥水出焉，而南流注于牀水，其中多肥遺之蛇。
又東百八十里，曰小侯之山。明漳之水出焉，南流注于黃澤。有鳥焉，其狀如烏而白文，名曰鴣𪄶，食之不灂。
又東三百七十里，曰泰頭之山。共水出焉，南流注于虖池。其上多金玉，其下多竹箭。
又東北二百里，曰軒轅之山，其上多銅，其下多竹。有鳥焉，其狀如梟而白首，其名曰黃鳥，其鳴自詨，食之不妒。
又北二百里，曰謁戾之山，其上多松柏，有金玉。沁水出焉，南流注于河。其東有林焉，名曰丹林。丹林之水出焉，南流注于河。嬰侯之水出焉，北流注于汜水。
東三百里，曰沮洳之山，無草木，有金玉。濝水出焉，南流注于河。
又北三百里，曰神囷之山，其上有文石，其下有白蛇，有飛蟲。黃水出焉，而東流注于洹。滏水出焉，而東流注于歐水。
又北二百里，曰發鳩之山，其上多柘木。有鳥焉，其狀如烏，文首、白喙、赤足，名曰精衛，其鳴自詨。是炎帝之少女，名曰女娃，女娃游于東海，溺而不返，故為精衛，常銜西山之木石，以堙于東海。漳水出焉，東流注于河。
又東北百二十里，曰少山，其上有金玉，其下有銅。清漳之水出焉，東流注于濁漳之水。
又東北二百里，曰錫山，其上多玉，其下有砥。牛首之水出焉，而東流注于滏水。
又北二百里，曰景山，有美玉。景水出焉，東南流注于海澤。
又北百里，曰題首之山，有玉焉，多石，無水。
又北百里，曰繡山，其上有玉、青碧，其木多栒，其草多芍藥、芎藭。洧水出焉，而東流注于河，其中有鱯、黽。
又北百二十里，曰松山，陽水出焉，東北流注于河。
又北百二十里，曰敦與之山，其上無草木，有金玉。溹水出于其陽，而東流注于泰陸之水；泜水出于其陰，而東流注于彭水。槐水出焉，而東流注于泜澤。
又北百七十里，曰柘山，其陽有金玉，其陰有鐵。歷聚之水出焉，而北流注于洧水。
又北三百里，曰維龍之山，其上有碧玉，其陽有金，其陰有鐵。肥水出焉，而東流注于皋澤，其中多礨石。敞鐵之水出焉，而北流注于大澤。
又北百八十里，曰白馬之山，其陽多石玉，其陰多鐵，多赤銅。木馬之水出焉，而東北流注于虖沱。
又北二百里，曰空桑之山，無草木，冬夏有雪。空桑之水出焉，東流注于虖沱。
又北三百里，曰泰戲之山，無草木，多金玉。有獸焉，其狀如羊，一角一目，目在耳後，其名曰䍶䍶，其鳴自訆。虖沱之水出焉，而東流注于漊水。液女之水出于其陽，南流注于沁水。
又北三百里，曰石山，多藏金玉。濩濩之水出焉，而東流注于虖沱；鮮于之水出焉，而南流注于虖沱。
又北二百里，曰童戎之山。皋塗之水出焉，而東流注于漊液水。
又北三百里，曰高是之山。滋水出焉，而南流注于虖沱。其木多椶，其草多條。滱水出焉，東流注于河。
又北三百里，曰陸山，多美玉。𨜰水出焉，而東流注于河。
又北二百里，曰沂山，般水出焉，而東流注于河。
北百二十里，曰燕山，多嬰石。燕水出焉，東流注于河。
又北山行五百里，水行五百里，至于饒山。是無草木，多瑤碧，其獸多橐駞，其鳥多鶹。歷虢之水出焉，而東流注于河，其中有師魚，食之殺人。
又北四百里，曰乾山，無草木，其陽有金玉，其陰有鐵而無水。有獸焉，其狀如牛而三足，其名曰獂，其鳴自詨。
又北五百里，曰倫山。倫水出焉，而東流注于河。有獸焉，其狀如麋，其州在尾上，其名曰羆。
又北五百里，曰碣石之山。繩水出焉，而東流注于河，其中多蒲夷之魚。其上有玉，其下多青碧。
又北水行五百里，至于鴈門之山，無草木。
又北水行四百里，至于泰澤。其中有山焉，曰帝都之山，廣員百里，無草木，有金玉。
又北五百里，曰錞于毋逢之山，北望鶏號之山，其風如䬅。西望幽都之山，浴水出焉。是有大蛇，赤首白身，其音如牛，見則其邑大旱。
凡《北次三經》之首，自太行之山以至于無逢之山，凡四十六山，萬二千三百五十里。其神狀皆馬身而人面者廿神。其祠之，皆用一藻珪瘞之。其十四神狀皆彘身而載玉。其祠之，皆玉，不瘞。其十神狀皆彘身而八足蛇尾。其祠之，皆用一璧瘞之。大凡四十四神，皆用稌糈米祠之。此皆不火食。
右北經之山志，凡八十七山，二萬三千二百三十里。
Translation
Classic of the Northern Mountains I
The first chain of the Northern Mountains begins at Mount Shanhu, with many ji trees and many hua grasses. The Feng River flows from it westward into the You River, containing many purple and patterned stones.
Two hundred fifty li north is Mount Qiuru, with copper above and jade below, no plants. The Hua River flows westward into the Zhupi waters. It contains many hua fish, shaped like eels with red backs, whose cry is like a wu tree—eating them cures warts. There are also many water horses, shaped like horses with patterned arms and cow tails, whose cry is like shouting.
Three hundred li north is Mount Dai, with jade above and lapis lazuli below. A beast called the xushu, shaped like a horse with one serrated horn, can ward off fire. A bird called the qiqi, shaped like a crow with five-colored red-patterned plumage, is both male and female—eating it prevents dysentery. The Peng River flows westward into the Bihu waters, containing many shu fish, shaped like chickens with red feathers, three tails, six legs and four heads, whose cry is like a magpie—eating them relieves sorrow.
Four hundred li north is Mount Qiaoming. The Qiao River flows west into the Yellow River. It contains many heluo fish with one head and ten bodies, whose cry is like a barking dog—eating them cures abscesses. A beast called the menghuai, shaped like a badger with red bristles and a sound like rustling leaves, can ward off evil. This mountain has no plants but much lapis lazuli and realgar.
Three hundred fifty li north is Mount Zhuoguang. The Xiao River flows west into the Yellow River. It contains many xixi fish, shaped like magpies with ten wings, all feathers tipped with scales, whose cry is like a magpie—they ward off fire and eating them prevents malaria. Above are many pines and cypresses; below are palms and nanmu trees; the beasts are mostly antelopes; the birds are mostly fan birds.
Three hundred eighty li north is Mount Guo, with lacquer above and paulownia and Chinese sumac below. Its south face has jade; its north has iron. The Yi River flows west into the Yellow River. The beasts are mostly camels; the birds are mostly yu birds, shaped like mice with bird wings, whose bleat is like a sheep's—they ward off weapons.
Four hundred li north reaches the tail of Mount Guo, with much jade but no stones. The Fish River flows west into the Yellow River, containing many patterned shells.
Two hundred li north is Mount Danxun, with many chinaberry and cypress trees, much chive and garlic, and cinnabar pigment. The Xun River flows west into the Tang River. A beast called the ermao, shaped like a mouse with a rabbit's head and a deer's body, with a sound like a howling dog, flies by its tail—eating it prevents abdominal swelling and wards off all poisons.
Two hundred eighty li north is Mount Shizhe, with no plants but much jasper. The Zi River flows west into the Yellow River. A beast called the mengji, shaped like a leopard with a patterned forehead and white body, is good at hiding—its cry is its own name.
One hundred ten li north is Mount Bianchun, with much scallion, mallow, chive, peach and plum. The Gang River flows west into the You Marsh. A beast called the youyan, shaped like a gibbon with a patterned body, loves to laugh and lies down when it sees people—its cry is its own name.
Two hundred li north is Mount Manlian, with no plants. A beast called the zuzi, shaped like a gibbon with a mane, cow tail, patterned arms and horse hooves, calls out when it sees people—its cry is its own name. A bird called the jiao lives in flocks and flies in groups, with feathers like a female pheasant—its cry is its own name, and eating it cures wind disorders.
One hundred eighty li north is Mount Danzhang, with no plants. A beast called the zhujian, shaped like a leopard with a long tail, human head, cow ears and one eye, is good at snarling—it carries its tail in its mouth when moving and coils it when resting. A bird called the baiya, shaped like a pheasant with a patterned head, white wings and yellow feet—eating it cures sore throat and tetanus. The Li River flows south into the Gang River.
Three hundred twenty li north is Mount Guanti, with many chinaberry and hackberry trees, flowing sand and whetstones below. A beast called the nafu, shaped like an ox with a white tail, has a cry like calling out. A bird called the sisi, shaped like a female pheasant with a human face, leaps when it sees people—its cry is its own name. The Jianghan River flows west into the You Marsh, containing many lodestones.
Two hundred li north is Mount Panhou, with pines and cypresses above and hazel and scrub oak below. Its south face has jade; its north has iron. A beast shaped like an ox with shaggy hair on its four joints is also called the maoyak. The Bian River flows south into the Li Marsh.
Two hundred thirty li north is Mount Xiaoxian, with no plants and snow in both winter and summer.
Two hundred eighty li north is Mount Daxian, with no plants and much jade below. This mountain is square on all sides and cannot be climbed. There is a snake called the changshe, with bristles like a wild boar's and a sound like a watchman's rattle.
Three hundred twenty li north is Mount Dunhong, with palms and nanmu above and purple chive grass below. The Dunhong River flows west into the You Marsh. It emerges from the northeast corner of Kunlun—truly the source of the Yellow River. It contains many red salmon; the beasts are mostly rhinoceros and yak; the birds are mostly turtle doves.
Two hundred li north is Mount Shaoxian, with no plants and much lapis lazuli. A beast called the yayu, shaped like an ox with a red body, human face and horse hooves, has a voice like a baby's and devours people. The Dun River flows east into the Yanmen waters, containing many peipei fish that kill when eaten.
Two hundred li north is Mount Yuefa. The Huaize River flows northeast into the Tai Marsh. It contains many chao fish, shaped like carp with chicken feet—eating them cures warts. A beast called the shanhao, shaped like a dog with a human face, is good at throwing and laughs when it sees people—it moves like wind, and when seen, there is great wind across the land.
Two hundred li north is Mount Beiyue, with many thorns and hardwoods. A beast called the zhuaihuai, shaped like an ox with four horns, human eyes and pig ears, has a cry like a wild goose and devours people. The Zhuaihuai River flows west into the Xiao waters, containing many yu fish with fish bodies and dog heads—their voice is like a baby's and eating them cures madness.
One hundred eighty li north is Mount Hunxi, with no plants and much copper and jade. The Xiao River flows northwest into the sea. There is a snake called the feiyi with one head and two bodies—when seen, that country suffers great drought.
Fifty li north is Mount Beidan, with no plants and much scallion and chive.
One hundred li north is Mount Xiongcha, with no plants and many horses.
One hundred eighty north is Mount Beixian, with many horses. The Xian River flows northwest into the Tuwu waters.
One hundred seventy li north is Mount Di, with many horses. A beast called the yao is shaped like a leopard with a patterned head. The Di River flows east into the Tai Marsh, containing many dragon turtles.
In all, the first Northern Mountains from Mount Shanhu to Mount Di comprise twenty-five peaks spanning 5,490 li. Their spirits all have human faces and serpent bodies. For the sacrifice, one rooster and pig are buried, one gui of auspicious jade is buried, without grain offerings. The people north of these mountains all eat raw, unfire-cooked food.
Classic of the Northern Mountains II
The second Northern Mountains chain begins east of the Yellow River, its head resting on the Fen River—Mount Guancen. It has no trees above but much grass, and much jade below. The Fen River flows from it west into the Yellow River.
Two hundred fifty li west is Mount Shaoyang, with jade above and red silver below. The Suan River flows east into the Fen River, containing much fine ochre.
Fifty li north is Mount Xianyong, with jade above, copper below, white deer as beasts, and white pheasants as birds. The Jin River flows southeast into the Fen River. It contains many ci fish, shaped like shu fish with red scales—their cry is like a scold, and eating them prevents rashes.
Two hundred li north is Mount Huqi, with no plants and much lapis lazuli. The Sheng River flows northeast into the Fen River, containing much blue jade.
Three hundred fifty li north is Mount Baisha, three hundred li square, entirely sand, with no plants, birds or beasts. The Wei River flows above it and below it—there is much white jade.
Four hundred li north is Mount Ershi, with no plants and no water.
Three hundred eighty li north is Mount Kuang, with no plants and snow in both winter and summer. The Kuang River flows west into the Fu River, containing much beautiful jade.
Three hundred eighty li north is Mount Zhuyu, with copper and jade above and pines and cypresses below. The Zhuyu River flows east into the Mao River.
Three hundred fifty li north is Mount Dunhou, with gold and jade above and no plants. The Mao River flows east into the Yin Marsh. It contains many shu horses with cow tails, white bodies and one horn—their cry is like a call.
Three hundred fifty li north is Mount Gouwu, with jade above and copper below. A beast called the paoxiao has a sheep's body and human face, eyes under its armpits, tiger teeth and human claws—its voice is like a baby's and it devours people.
Three hundred li north is Mount Beixiao, with no stones, lapis lazuli on its south face and jade on its north. A beast called the duyou is shaped like a tiger with a white body, dog head, horse tail and pig mane. A bird called the panren is shaped like a crow with a human face—it flies at night and hides by day; eating it cures heatstroke. The Cen River flows east into the Qiong Marsh.
Three hundred fifty li north is Mount Liangqu, with no plants and much gold and jade. The Xiu River flows east into Yanmen. Its beasts are mostly juji, shaped like rabbits with red fur and a squeal like pigs. A bird called the xiao is shaped like Kua Fu with four wings, one eye and a dog tail—its cry is like a magpie; eating it cures abdominal pain and stops dysentery.
Four hundred li north is Mount Guanguan, with no plants. This mountain has snow in both winter and summer.
Three hundred eighty li north is Mount Huguan, with jade on its south face, lapis lazuli on its north and many horses. The Huguan River flows east into the sea, containing many shanyu fish. There is a tree with willow-like leaves and red grain.
Five hundred li north by water and three hundred li through quicksand reaches Mount Huan, with gold and jade above. Three mulberry trees grow on it, all branchless, a hundred ren tall. Many fruit trees grow there. Below are many strange snakes.
Three hundred li north is Mount Dunti, with no plants and much gold and jade. It stands over the North Sea.
In all, the second Northern Mountains from Mount Guancen to Mount Dunti comprise seventeen peaks spanning 5,690 li. Their spirits all have serpent bodies and human faces. For the sacrifice: one rooster and pig are buried; one bi and one gui are cast, without grain offerings.
Classic of the Northern Mountains III
The third Northern Mountains chain begins at the Taihang Mountains. Its head is Mount Gui, with gold and jade above and lapis lazuli below. A beast called the hui, shaped like an antelope with four horns, a horse tail and spurs, is good at circling—its cry is its own name. A bird called the ben, shaped like a magpie with a white body, red tail and six feet, is easily startled—its cry is its own name.
Two hundred li northeast is Mount Longhou, with no plants and much gold and jade. The Juejue River flows east into the Yellow River. It contains many human fish, shaped like ti fish with four legs and a voice like a baby's—eating them prevents foolishness.
Two hundred li northeast is Mount Macheng, with patterned stones above and gold and jade on its north face. A beast called the tianma, shaped like a white dog with a black head, flies when it sees people—its cry is its own name. A bird called the queju is shaped like a crow with a white head, blue body and yellow feet—its cry is its own name; eating it prevents hunger and cures drowsiness.
Seventy li northeast is Mount Xian, with jade above, copper below, many pines and cypresses, and purple chive grass. The Tiaoguan River flows southwest into the Long Marsh. It contains much qisuan, which forms every three years—eating it prevents leprosy.
Two hundred li northeast is Mount Tianchi, with no plants and many patterned stones. A beast called the feishu, shaped like a rabbit with a rat's head, flies on its back. The Mian River flows beneath it, containing much yellow ochre.
Three hundred li east is Mount Yang, with jade above and gold and copper below. A beast called the linghu, shaped like an ox with a long neck, has a cry like its name—eating it cures madness. A bird called the xiangshe, shaped like a female pheasant with five-colored plumage, is both male and female—its cry is its own name. The Liu River flows south into the Yellow River. It contains many yufu fish, shaped like crucian carp with fish heads and pig bodies—eating them stops vomiting.
Three hundred fifty li east is Mount Benwen, with much blue jade above, yellow ochre and black stone below.
One hundred li north is Mount Wangwu, with many stones. The Li River flows northwest into the Tai Marsh.
Three hundred li northeast is Mount Jiao, with jade but no stones. The Jiao River flows west into the Yellow River—it dries in winter and flows in summer, truly a seasonal river. There are two mountains within it. This mountain is three hundred paces square, called Fawuan Mountain, with gold and jade above.
Three hundred li south is Mount Jing, overlooking the Yanfan Marsh to the south and the Shao Marsh to the north. It has much grass and shuyu, much qinjiao pepper, ochre on its north face and jade on its south. A bird called the suiyu, shaped like a snake with four wings, six eyes and three feet, has a cry like its name—when seen, that city is gripped by fear.
Three hundred twenty li southeast is Mount Mengmen, with much blue jade and gold above, yellow ochre and black stone below.
Three hundred twenty li southeast is Mount Ping. The Ping River flows above and below—there is much beautiful jade.
Two hundred li east is Mount Jing, with beautiful jade, much lacquer wood and bamboo, red copper on its south face and black stone on its north. The Gao River flows south into the Yellow River.
Two hundred li east is Mount Chongwei, with gold and jade above, bamboo and lapis lazuli below. The Dan River flows south into the Yellow River. The Bo River flows southeast into the Huang Marsh.
Three hundred li east is Mount Pengpi, with no plants, gold and jade above and much water below. The Zaolin River flows southeast into the Yellow River. The Fei River flows south into the Chuang River, containing many feiyi snakes.
One hundred eighty li east is Mount Xiaohou. The Mingzhang River flows south into the Huang Marsh. A bird called the guliao, shaped like a crow with white markings—eating it prevents intoxication.
Three hundred seventy li east is Mount Taitou. The Gong River flows south into the Hu Pool. It has gold and jade above and bamboo arrows below.
Two hundred li northeast is Mount Xuanyuan, with copper above and bamboo below. A bird called the huangniao, shaped like an owl with a white head, has a cry like its name—eating it prevents jealousy.
Two hundred li north is Mount Yeli, with pines and cypresses and gold and jade. The Qin River flows south into the Yellow River. To its east is a forest called Danlin—the Danlin River flows south into the Yellow River. The Yinghou River flows north into the Si River.
Three hundred li east is Mount Juru, with no plants and gold and jade. The Qi River flows south into the Yellow River.
Three hundred li north is Mount Shenqun, with patterned stones above, white snakes and flying insects below. The Huang River flows east into the Huan River. The Fu River flows east into the Ou River.
Two hundred li north is Mount Fajiu, with many hackberry trees. A bird called the jingwei, shaped like a crow with a patterned head, white beak and red feet, has a cry like its own name. This was the youngest daughter of the Flame Emperor, named Nüwa. Nüwa swam in the Eastern Sea and drowned, never to return—so she became Jingwei, constantly carrying twigs and stones from the Western Hills to fill the Eastern Sea. The Zhang River flows east into the Yellow River.
One hundred twenty li northeast is Mount Shao, with gold and jade above and copper below. The Clear Zhang River flows east into the Turbid Zhang River.
Two hundred li northeast is Mount Xi, with jade above and whetstones below. The Niutou River flows east into the Fu River.
Two hundred li north is Mount Jing, with beautiful jade. The Jing River flows southeast into the Sea Marsh.
One hundred li north is Mount Tishou, with jade, many stones and no water.
One hundred li north is Mount Xiu, with jade and lapis lazuli above, xun trees, and peony and chuanxiong herbs below. The Wei River flows east into the Yellow River, containing many catfish and frogs.
One hundred twenty li north is Mount Song. The Yang River flows northeast into the Yellow River.
One hundred twenty li north is Mount Dunyu, with no plants and gold and jade. The Suo River flows from its south face east into the Tai Lu waters; the Zhi River flows from its north face east into the Peng River. The Huai River flows east into the Zi Marsh.
One hundred seventy li north is Mount Zhe, with gold and jade on its south face and iron on its north. The Liju River flows north into the Wei River.
Three hundred li north is Mount Weilong, with green jade above, gold on its south face and iron on its north. The Fei River flows east into the Gao Marsh, containing many piled stones. The Changtie River flows north into the Great Marsh.
One hundred eighty li north is Mount Baima, with stone jade on its south face, iron and red copper on its north. The Muma River flows northeast into the Hutuo River.
Two hundred li north is Mount Kongsang, with no plants and snow in both winter and summer. The Kongsang River flows east into the Hutuo River.
Three hundred li north is Mount Taixi, with no plants and much gold and jade. A beast called the dongdong, shaped like a sheep with one horn and one eye behind its ear, has a cry like its name. The Hutuo River flows east into the Lou River. The Yenu River flows from its south face into the Qin River.
Three hundred li north is Mount Shi, with much hidden gold and jade. The Huohuo River flows east into the Hutuo; the Xianyu River flows south into the Hutuo.
Two hundred li north is Mount Tongrong. The Gaotu River flows east into the Louye River.
Three hundred li north is Mount Gaoshi. The Zi River flows south into the Hutuo. It has many palm trees and tiao grass. The Ku River flows east into the Yellow River.
Three hundred li north is Mount Lu, with much beautiful jade. The Huan River flows east into the Yellow River.
Two hundred li north is Mount Yi. The Ban River flows east into the Yellow River.
One hundred twenty li north is Mount Yan, with much yingshi stone. The Yan River flows east into the Yellow River.
Five hundred li by mountain and five hundred li by water north reaches Mount Rao, with no plants, much jasper, many camels as beasts and many liu birds. The Liguo River flows east into the Yellow River, containing many shi fish that kill when eaten.
Four hundred li north is Mount Qian, with no plants, gold and jade on its south face, iron and no water on its north. A beast called the yuan, shaped like an ox with three legs, has a cry like its name.
Five hundred li north is Mount Lun. The Lun River flows east into the Yellow River. A beast called the pi, shaped like an elk with a navel on its tail.
Five hundred li north is Mount Jieshi. The Sheng River flows east into the Yellow River, containing many puyi fish. It has jade above and lapis lazuli below.
Five hundred li north by water reaches Mount Yanmen, with no plants.
Four hundred li north by water reaches the Tai Marsh. Within it is a mountain called the Didu Mountain, a hundred li square, with no plants, gold and jade.
Five hundred li north is Mount Chongyuwufeng. To the north it overlooks Mount Jihao, whose wind is like a xi. To the west it overlooks Mount Youdu, from which the Yu River flows. There is a great snake with a red head and white body, whose voice is like an ox's—when seen, that city suffers great drought.
In all, the third Northern Mountains from Mount Taihang to Mount Wufeng comprise forty-six peaks spanning 12,350 li. Of their spirits, twenty have horse bodies and human faces—for their sacrifice, one algae gui is buried. Fourteen spirits have pig bodies carrying jade—for their sacrifice, jade is used without burying. Ten spirits have pig bodies with eight legs and serpent tails—for their sacrifice, one bi is buried. In all, forty-four spirits are worshiped with millet grain, and they all eat uncooked food.
Thus the record of the Northern Mountains: eighty-seven mountains in all, spanning 23,230 li.